Sanding machines are equipment that uses abrasives to sand and grind various types of panels and wooden product components. Sanding machines are widely used in the artificial board and furniture industries, with high demand and a wide variety of models. Their characteristics include strong adaptability, the ability to improve the dimensional accuracy of workpieces, as well as enhance the surface roughness of workpieces. They can process both wide and narrow workpieces, handle various flat and curved surfaces, and are applicable to both mass production and small - batch production.
During operation, sanding machines may encounter various faults. It is essential to learn how to promptly address and troubleshoot these issues. Proper maintenance and upkeep can significantly extend the lifespan of sanding machines. The following is a detailed analysis of typical faults of sanding machines:
1. Malfunction of the Limit Switch of the Sanding Machine
Phenomenon : The sanding belt deviates from its track but fails to stop, resulting in wear of the sanding belt, sparks generated by friction with the machine frame, and in severe cases, it may even cause a fire.
Cause : After long - term use, the contacts of the limit switch may oxidize, be blocked by dust, or the mechanical structure may get stuck, leading to the failure of its operation.
Solution : Manually test the switch operation regularly, clean the dust, and replace it promptly if damaged.
2. Deviation of the Sanding Belt
Phenomenon : The sanding belt shifts to one side, and step - like marks appear on the grinding surface.
Cause : Incorrect swing parameters (the normal swing amplitude is 15 - 20mm, and the swing frequency is 15 - 20 times per minute); faults in the photoelectric switch, solenoid valve, or air cylinder; poor dust removal leading to misjudgment of signals.
Solution :Calibrate the swing parameters; clean or replace damaged components such as the photoelectric switch and solenoid valve; regularly clean the dust removal filter element to improve the dust removal effect.
3. Wrinkling of the Sanding Belt
Phenomenon : Longitudinal wrinkles appear on the surface of the sanding belt, preventing normal grinding.
Cause : Caused by wear of the sanding roller and tensioning roller; the sanding belt becomes soft and wrinkled due to moisture; when the sanding machine is not used for a long time, the surface of the sanding roller rusts and becomes rough, making it difficult for the sanding belt to swing and causing wrinkling.
Solution : The sanding belt can be dried; remove rust from the roller or polish it with fine - grit sandpaper.
4. Breakage of the Sanding Belt
Phenomenon : The sanding belt suddenly tears during operation, accompanied by severe vibrations.
Cause : The breakage of the sanding belt is mainly caused by belt deviation, failure to replace the dull sanding belt in a timely manner, excessive sanding load, encountering hard objects during the sanding process, or quality issues of the sanding belt itself.
Solution :Control the single grinding amount; when the current is abnormal, immediately check whether the sanding belt is dull and replace it promptly if so.
5. Rotation or Non - rotation of the Lower Conveyor Roller When the Sanding Machine is Running Idle
Phenomenon : This situation is generally not observable during normal operation and can only be seen when the machine is running idle. The roller stops rotating intermittently when idle.
Cause : Partial or complete wear of the worm in the worm gear reducer that transmits power.
Solution : Disassemble and inspect the reducer, and directly replace the worn worm gear components.
